popular battery

     The safety of lithium-ion laptop battery  design includes many aspects of the content, structure design of the battery safety, security, the choice of materials, safety protection design, there are plans to verify the safety of lithium-ion batteries, and so on through the entire process of design. Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd., deputy chief engineer of the Soviet Union but in an interview with reporters that began in product design product safety. Selection of the better security of electrode material, divide and electrolyte batteries are designed to be safety first and foremost consideration. On the Hp battery  cathode materials, ternary material, lithium manganese acid, a lithium iron phosphate than LiCoO2, nickel Lithium better security, these materials have been widely used in battery design, and can get very good Safety performance.

He said that at present China is negative materials and electrolyte of the development, production has been established, to meet the basic lithium-ion battery design and production requirements. In addition, the safety of some of the coating material has been applied research to practical, lithium-ion batteries for the improvement of safety performance injected a new impetus in this area of research and application of the domestic need to increase investment and follow-up. He said that Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd. dedicated to the lithium-ion  Inspiron 8200 battery  development and production, product quality and product safety of the generally recognized by the industry. The company’s lithium-ion battery materials application platform covered LiCoO2, ternary material, lithium manganese acid, lithium iron phosphate material system, product line involved in cylindrical, square, polymers and large-capacity battery. Improve the safety performance of the battery, the company established a security design criteria, standards of production safety, product safety testing guidelines, the three major criteria for standardized product design, production and testing process to ensure the safety of the battery.

Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd., vice mobile energy company in the long-help-him said that in the safety of lithium-ion batteries, all for battery manufacturing of parts and materials are playing an important role. They are now being taken to the relevant parts and materials will combine to ensure the safety of such batteries. Furthermore, in order to take full advantage of parts and materials, stressed that the industrial production of advanced technology and quality control technologies to improve security is very important. “Guarantee the safety of lithium-ion batteries, need batteries and electrical equipment will be considered together. At the same time, the batteries needed by the security of electronic equipment manufacturers and PCGA-BP2T battery  manufacturers to jointly resolve.” Nakatani explained that the help-him.

Standard-setting should be based independent innovation

Lithium-ion battery safety and food safety should be the same, the relevant ministries of my country and the importance of local government, the Government should actively promote the development of safety standards and be effectively implemented, can not pass safety standards for products, it is necessary to strictly curb market, which is Lithium-ion  PCGA-BP2V battery safety control and reduce the accident, one way.

As lithium-ion battery safety mechanism is very complicated, especially after the battery recycling through changes in the status of the safety of the impact of a more complex, the lithium-ion battery safety awareness and standard-setting and the scientific validity can be a progressive development Process, and should also give full consideration to external control technology development and application effectiveness. Su Kim Yeon told reporters that the safety standards for lithium-ion battery is a highly technical work, should make full use of  PA3383U battery Organization for Standardization and from the battery industry, users, electronic control and other areas of professional and technical personnel and professionals involved in the standardization process, Including the necessary experimental verification work. Lishen companies have been actively involved in formulating and revising the standard battery, drafting or participated in the drafting of GB18278, IEEE1725, IEEE1625, such as lithium-ion battery standards.

December last year, the company sent people to participate in the organization of the Ministry of Information Industry in Shenzhen at the “lithium-ion battery safety standards workshop,” and on the M8511  battery recall and battery safety standards done a keynote speech on the issue.

Chinese Electronics Standardization Institute senior engineer SUN Chuan-hao said that the current lithium-ion battery broadly divided into energy-and power-two categories of products, two categories of products in materials, design and other aspects of the structure there are certain differences in the same premise of security, The test methods and standards requirements may be different. Usually by a former portable battery products, including mobile phones, notebook computers, digital cameras and camcorders using lithium-ion  M2000 battery , power tools, electric bicycles and electric vehicles using lithium-ion battery Kegui Wei after a class of products, he suggested Were related depaartments should develop portable lithium-ion batteries and power-safety standards for lithium-ion battery safety standards.

During the interview, the industry have said that the development of lithium-ion battery standards should be based on independent innovation, but to work behind closed doors does not mean that, should pay attention to absorb and adopt the IEC, IEEE, UL and other international standards.

Lyme Electronics recently announced the availability of the industry’s most comprehensive battery monitoring smart sensors “> sensor Sentinel. The product is designed for backup laptop battery monitor, measure each battery voltage and internal resistance, and only a single cell to monitor the internal temperature Unique ability. Through the backup battery monitoring, backup power systems of life, performance and reliability in practical applications (such as: Industrial UPS, telecommunications, safety-critical systems and computing and other fields) will be greatly enhanced. At present, the company’s Lyme Battery Sensor “> large number of sensors has been applied to the monitoring of the backup battery.

Lyme electronic sensor of the Sentinel “> sensor uses a customized intelligent system-on-chip (SoC) device, used for processing signals and digital S-Bus control bus interface. In power backup system applications, a inspiron battery fault Can lead to a whole string batteries unable to work, resulting in large-scale system is unable to provide the necessary uptime. By monitoring voltage, current and internal resistance, the user can accurately predict which could only battery failure, and replace batteries to ensure high reliability of the system ; By monitoring temperature, engineers can ensure that maximize battery life, but also to ensure that detect heat out of control, and to cause catastrophic failure before a correction.

In addition to sensors “> sensor components, electronic Lyme will also launch a low-cost on-site monitoring unit MicroGuard, and a can be integrated into OEM equipment in the MicroGuard-PCB board. Lyme other electronic readings can also provide an analysis on the The PC software, the 8N544  monitoring system in use.

Lyme e-business development manager Nigel Scott said: “There is a growing awareness of the importance of continuous battery monitoring, it can reduce maintenance costs, help to prevent catastrophic failure of a battery. Our goal is to provide the most A comprehensive battery monitoring system, and monitoring to reduce the cost of most of the battery system users can withstand the level of the past such costs accounted for 50 percent of the cost of the Inspiron 9300 battery  to 70 percent or even higher. “

In order to extend battery life, the majority of portable equipment used inside and outside the two power modes: no external power supply used in laptop battery-powered equipment onboard when the external power supply access immediately switch to an external power supply. This will require a dedicated circuit to detect whether there are external circuit access, at the same time, also needs a circuit to control the power switch. In addition, the growing number of devices using lithium-ion battery-powered. Lithium-ion batteries with high energy density, no memory effect, and other advantages, but it’s also very obvious shortcomings, compared to the traditional nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride batteries are more vulnerable. For a lithium-ion battery charge, the release is very sensitive, over-charging and discharging will seriously affect their life. Therefore, in some high-end equipment used by the cell, such as mobile phones, laptops, have assembled a board to protect the battery charge and discharge protection. However, in some of the low-end cell, for manufacturers to consider the cost and have no protection board, the need for external batteries inspiron battery charge, discharge protection. Charging can be protected by reasonable charger designed to offer protection to discharge the need to implement the client load. This requires a different circuit to detect the battery voltage, when the battery voltage down to protect the access point cut off power supply to stop discharge.

        The most simple power switch circuit with two diode “or” the way to
Achieve, but the diode forward voltage drop will be wasted considerable battery power. A single lithium-ion batteries as an example, rated voltage discharge of about 3.7 V, then 0.7 V diode forward voltage drop of nearly 20 percent of the 8N544  waste out. Even with positive pressure drop even lower (0.3 V-0.4V) of Schottky diodes, there will be nearly 10 percent of electricity was wasted. The Schottky diode relatively large reverse leakage (mA level) will have some other issues. Diodes also unable to provide discharge protection, need additional switching and control circuits done to put the protection.

        The programme is ideal MOSFET used as a switch and protection switch. MOSFET with milliohms-class on-resistance, it almost caused a voltage drop can be ignored. When the battery voltage is too low, can also use MOSFET power supply cut off access, the protection of the Inspiron 9300 battery . However, the need to design a special circuit to detect and drive voltage MOSFET gate. Can use some standard voltage comparators, voltage reference and discrete components to achieve this function, but this circuit will increase the number of components and complexity, increased static power consumption.

        Maxim’s MAX4838-MAX4842 series of over-voltage protection controller design for the circuit provided, under-voltage protection, IC internal voltage integrated circuit surveillance and high-end N-channel MOSFET drivers, it can borrow just to achieve the above control. Figure 1 is for a single lithium-ion Inspiron 6000 battery  applications and the application circuit design.

In the past two decades, the rapid portable electronic equipment supply chips to promote universal incredible growth, and the power semiconductor market has become an important market for the first. Twenty years ago, almost all the power management chip (IC) are all kinds of management, monitoring power lines and conversion (from the AC power grid power semiconductor devices laptop battery or meet the requirements of the DC battery device) device.

As including mobile phones, portable media players, digital cameras, personal digital assistants, portable medical equipment, video games and mobile platforms, and many other similar equipment, portable battery-powered consumer electronics applications explosive growth, this situation has Earthshaking changes have taken place. Now, there are at least half of the power management semiconductor devices were integrated into portable devices, the other aspect of this change is also reflected in the lithium-ion (Li-Ion) ibm battery on the number of rapid growth. Since 2001, global production of lithium-ion battery with growth of more than four times [1].

In fact, the demand for mobile electronic systems and the attendant for more portable power solution needs, is the prosperity of power management integrated circuits driving force behind the market. In recent years the semiconductor industry’s overall annual growth rate of about 7 per cent, and since 2002 has the power chip with 15 percent of the overall annual growth rate of sustained growth [2]. In addition, the power semiconductors is expected to continue this rate of growth to 2011 [3]. Overall, because of power
The equipment will be shipped over the general semiconductor devices, therefore, the electronic power system chips (more precisely that is Presario V2000 battery -powered mobile applications) will be significant growth that is not in doubt.

When you have high effectiveness of such small size characteristics of the portable power and the urgent requirement of today’s portable power equipment provided by the complex functions of understanding, you will easily find the root cause of this trend of development of the. In many mobile systems, it is necessary to meet all exist in a single mobile consumer electronic devices in various power requirements need to use multiple power chips.

For example, 20 years ago, an ThinkPad R40 battery electronic system in a small number of voltage rail will be more than three or four. Today’s cell phones often have up to 14 or more voltage rail. Laptop computers usually have 11 or more voltage rail. A voltage “tracks” is a power unit (PSU) to provide a single voltage. Each track usually require a voltage buck (decrease) or step-up (increase), and the sort of new regulation voltage level translation. This voltage tracks the growth can be attributed in part to Moore’s Law, that is, the density of integrated circuits to double every two years.

As the chip manufacturing process geometry in the past few years become more and more small, voltage levels have dropped dramatically, in order to support the new technology ThinkPad T40 battery . That the majority of semiconductor devices are 5 volts of days gone forever. For example, a single chip in the phone with a few as low as 0.9 V (for digital baseband device) and up to 30 V (for a series of regional and keyboard for the display backlight to provide the light emitting diode) of the voltage level .

Portable system in the low-voltage chip-level power supply system is also on the complexity and precision to the challenge. A few years ago, most of the chip rated at Level 5 volts, power is often adjust to 5 V or 5 percent less than +250 mV. In many of today’s portable system, a 1.5 V chip voltage regulator requirements in its 1.5 V level of 1.5 percent, or +22 mV within ThinkPad R51 battery. This shows that the voltage regulator accuracy increased by 10 times.

Portable electronic applications by the battery-powered and non-line-powered system had increased the complexity of the power subsystem. For example, depletion of a power lithium-ion rechargeable laptop battery is not a simple process. The use of a false charge curve will shorten the effective battery life.

In addition, a complete process of lithium-ion batteries from three distinct stages. In the first stage of charge or pre-charging, the battery after a short time to get pre-charge. The second stage is characterized by constant current, the stage after about a whole Rechargeable cycle of 20% to 30% after a relatively short period of time. The constant current rechargeable batteries can stage to its full capacity of about 70 percent to 80 percent. The final stage of charging for a constant voltage characteristics. This is the stage of the three charging the slowest stage of the time required to complete the whole process time charge of 70 percent to 80 percent. Constant voltage ibm battery charging stage of completion of the final storage capacity 20 percent to 30 percent. For the lithium-ion rechargeable battery monitoring the process of power components must be able to manage all of these stages, to maximize battery charging effects, and to ensure that the best battery life.

According to the requirements of portable devices, there are several different types of battery charging equipment. In those cost control is more important than efficiency in the application of the linear charger provides a superior solution. However, despite switching charger more ThinkPad R40 battery expensive than the linear charger, but their effectiveness could at least 90 percent.

In addition to charging process itself, the power subsystem must also address other issues related to the battery. For example, some portable systems with alternative power supply (for example: can be used for battery-powered USB ports, etc.). Portable media player may be passed to a wall socket to connect to the general approach to charging, or, as the other option, the device can also be connected to another USB port equipment (such as: laptops Computers) to the USB port to recharge ThinkPad T40 battery .

Power-channel management is a unique feature, allowing for portable battery charging system in the normal course of work. Power systems must have sufficient degree of complexity to the power used to run the system at the same time charging the battery. Other features may include some batteries may short-circuit caused by the over-voltage or over-current protection. If these abnormal factors were ignored, then they will destroy systems or batteries, the system may have caused damage and battery. At the same time, also called for battery authentication, in order to avoid the portable system installed in substandard or accessories market from the low-quality batteries. So through the installation of a package of identity authentication chip, the system will be able to guarantee high-quality ThinkPad R51 battery  used for the operating system to provide electricity.

   Air battery charging and discharging and equipment mainly used for inspection and maintenance of aircraft used by the battery on the ground maintenance and testing. And the use of their air batteries have the following three different major: aviation lead-acid batteries (SY810A-air battery starter motor), silver zinc battery (15 XYG45-(3) G alkaline battery), nickel-cadmium batteries ( Also said that the main battery) battery of the most important performance parameters for the batteries (battery) capacity (in AH) and the battery voltage monomer (unit V). Battery capacity has decided to release the group to terminate its nominal terms (normally battery voltage and battery voltage monomer), the largest energy. The decision of the single-voltage batteries monomer of the consistency of (the individual characteristics of the larger difference between the battery pack will lead to faster decline in capacity). Comprehensive above: the device can be composed of three parts: charging module (for battery charging for the use of), the discharge module (test battery capacity), Dell battery  inspection module (in the process of charging and discharging battery voltage detection and monomer Voltage to prevent overcharging the Fang). As the use of their special fields of performance, battery on the corresponding requirements of strict inspection and maintenance equipment. Specifically, the charging and discharging of its electricity is the accuracy. General system accuracy at 0.5% – 1% of the scope of class. For the convenience of customers in the use of equipment, safe operation, fast, simple, the device should have a remote control, telemetry, remote stressed that the remote’s “four remote control” feature in its system in the IPC should be added to the background, remote control equipment The operation. A wide range of aviation EV088AA battery , the equipment is relatively high technical requirements, the current professional air battery testing equipment companies rarely, and the aviation sector because of its special nature, products of profits compared to other more profitable products, so I think this project should be able to form A considerable size of the industry, and its core technology can be extended to other areas.

Microchip Technology to further expand its lineup of laptop battery management products, today announced the launch of the integration of field-programmable power, applicable to 2-4 lithium-ion and lithium polymer batteries, or 6-12 nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-cadmium Battery applications. New devices with smart battery system (Smart Battery System, called SBS), can accurately judge the battery power and provide battery monitoring function, improve the application of security, with the end-of-discharge (End of Discharge, called EOD) control, then extended Battery life and working hours.
PS501 inspiron battery management IC products used Microchip high-performance, low-power PIC18 microcontroller core, its 16 kilobytes of memory-chip memory in the Accuron patent algorithm.
The battery management devices of current low, only 150 microamps. When the suspension of work related applications, the device will automatically enter the low-power sleep mode, power consumption less than 1 microamp, both energy conservation and reduce excessive Latitude D500 battery  discharge.
The new device also integrates a 16 programmable Sigma-Delta ADC, as well as to optimize the professional application of mixed-signal circuits. As a result, the device can not only accurate measurement of battery current, temperature and voltage, but also directly connected to as many as four series lithium-ion or lithium-polymer Latitude D600 battery  pack. EEPROM device can be stored on the user and set up the system by “learning”, was the battery parameters. For the
It also has a precise silicon oscillator, no longer need an external crystal. The new device hardware and advanced algorithms will be combined balance of the battery, the device could well be applied to lithium-polymer battery applications.
The new device has 12-pin universal, support charge and safety control or user programmable digital I / O. The eight-pin can only be used for light-emitting diode driver, while another two to make a direct FET (FET) drive the open-drain. The device can be industry-standard SMbus protocol Latitude D800 battery with the host, and to support all Sbdata parameters.
Microchip for the PS501 battery management products provide a wide range of system development. One for lithium-ion or lithium-polymer battery, Microchip launched a series for four batteries of the PS5164EV, three batteries of the series and two series PS5163EV battery PS5162EV; for nickel-hydrogen batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries, used to launch 6-12 series Latitude CPi battery  PS5100EV. These systems include the development of an application board, PowerInfoTM 2 interface board (PS051) and fringe of the cable, and documentation. In addition, support for the Microsoft Windows PowerToolTM 2 (PS050) software built-in wizard procedures to facilitate the assessment of engineers in the development of systems and application-specific parameters and battery optimization, and provide applications such as PS501 plate and adjust the custom programming and other production支持.

Currently, the vast majority of laptop battery-powered electronic devices are powered by the following way: wall adapter, car adapter, USB mouth or lithium batteries. However, in all types of input power between the power of automatic access control management but there is a huge technical challenges. Traditionally, designers tried to use the separation plan, namely the use of FET, compared with a number of separate components and to achieve this function, but in resolving the hot-swappable and inrush current face enormous problems, thus leading to The reliability of the system problems. Not long ago, the separation of IC solutions also require the use of even a few chips to achieve. Now, only need for an integrated power management can be simple and easy solution to latitude battery these problems.

Power access control to allow end-product plug and play, regardless of the battery charging status, or even if the battery is not in, the so-called “instant access (instant-on)” mode. A channel with the power to control the IC equipment to provide power, and through the USB port or a wall power adapter to a single cell lithium Latitude CPi battery . In order to recharge disconnect the power cord had not yet the time to ensure that the battery is full, do not have to maintain, IC directly through the USB cable to load power supply, rather than drawing power from the battery. Once removed from power, the current from the batteries will be passed within two of the low loss ideal to load, which will voltage drop and to minimize power consumption.

Two ideals of the forward voltage drop is much smaller than the traditional Schottky or two of the forward voltage drop, and the reverse current leakage is also relatively small. Small forward voltage drop will reduce power consumption and self-heating, thereby extending Latitude CPX battery  life.

The use of linear charger, will increase the charge current additional power, or increase the fever. When using USB charging, charging IC bus must be restricted to the current 100 mA (500mW) or 500 mA (2.5W), with the main controller depending on the model set. In the channel by linear power charging system, the system can be loaded through the USB port of almost all the 2.5 W, as long as no more than input current limit. Under such circumstances, VOUT only slightly lower than the output voltage (for example, 5 V). However, due to the Latitude C600 battery  voltage than 5 V input voltage is much lower, a lot of power (VIN and VOUT the voltage difference multiplied by the charge current) through the linear battery charger in the adjustment of components consumed. And switching power supply channel programme will use the Bat-Track function. Bat-Track is an adaptive output control, the input circuit output voltage regulator to automatically track the battery voltage. Thus, by maintaining the voltage on the battery charger low as possible, the best use of available input power, it has greatly improved the battery charger components of the efficiency of the adjustment.

LTC4088 high efficiency of these functions integrated into a high-density 3 × 4mm DFN IC packaging, and the need for at least the external components (see Figure 1). It is a portable USB can be used for power supply equipment, autonomy of the high efficiency switching power supply management, the ideal of the two controllers and 1.5 A (from the wall adapter) independent Latitude C640 battery  chargers. Switching front-end topology features of its PowerPath control and Bat-Track slow down the larger space constraints of portable electronic equipment in the thermal management problems, particularly for those in need of large-capacity battery products more favorable.

Recently, the State Ministry of Science and Technology Support 11th Five-Year Plan, one of the key projects, “Hunan Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Bang Pu cycle,” the smooth completion of a project, which marks China’s largest base of used batteries research incubator officially completed.

Hunan Science and Technology Bang Pu Industrial Park covers an area of 130,000 square meters of mainly engaged in waste battery recycling use of resources in the production and development. One park planning and design of the used batteries of renewable Ni, Co-automatic mechanical hand and the dismantling of the battery, is expected to recycling of used batteries, 300 million, in processing 500 tons of metal Ni, 500t Co metal the size of production, waste Battery Ni, Co achieve the effective utilization rate of recovery of more than 97.60 percent.

Bang Pu in Changsha in Hunan to build such a large-scale recycling of waste IBM battery  bases belonging to “Changzhutan economic integration 11th Five-Year Plan” introduced one of the key, Hunan Bangpu completion of the Science Park will become “China used batteries Green cycle of clean production model factory “and” China used batteries recycling project green demonstration bases. ” This promote the “Urban Agglomeration Changzhutan recycling economy and build national renewable resource base model” of construction, and the promotion of “resource-saving and environment-friendly” experimental zone for the two-building community has played a positive role.

It is learnt that the Bang Pu Group has been planning and is gradually building “China used Apple battery  terminal recovery system.” And striving to the next three to five years, China’s downstream recycling of used batteries integrity of the system set up, and people from the hands of millions of households will be effectively used batteries for recycling, environmental protection so that the people of battery consumption, so that each one of used batteries Can be the true sense of the green renewable.

Motherboard battery failure

The laptop battery is dead motherboard cause of computer failure can not be started, see dell battery.

A telephone rings, I awakened from a dream that a friend’s computer problem: press the power button, the computer and nothing happens repeatedly press the power switch is still invalid. After my initial analysis, is likely to be part of the problem of power is not enough power (power of low-grade “patent”) is a short-circuit switch, Collect a variety of tools for a pretty good idea after a friend went straight home.

Indeed, such as friends above, no matter how pressing the power switch (socket and verify that there is good access to electricity), the computer just like wood, like the “one drop of a hat.” Computer does not have any alarm sound, the motherboard does not seem to load the required voltage, power supply fan is not moving, it appears that the computer simply will not be able to power up. Open the chassis closer look at the motherboard and power supply connections and there is nothing abnormal, the power switch is also not short-circuit signs readily connect to other parts again still boot failure.

As the power of “suspects” the greatest, I have decided to replace the method used to verify, just-on-hand to have a 250W power supply, installed after the computer is still “silent”; Is this 250W power supply is Li dell latitude d520 battery, dell latitude d600 battery, dell latitude d610 battery? At this time I noted the chassis installed in the four IDE devices: two hard drives and two CD-ROM. Friends said that just to upgrade, it appears that is likely to be caused by excessive power supply, two of which I immediately unplug the power plug of equipment, try to boot, the computer has not the slightest reaction.

While I am prepared to give up when suddenly the computer’s power supply fan spinning up, then heard the sound of the hard drive self-test, the display is also slowly changing light, the computer launched! But soon, start interrupting, showing “CMOS Load Failure”, and prompted by the “F2″ key to start, according to “Del” to enter the BIOS settings, no matter, I press the F2 key to enable the system to continue to guide, but in any case can not enter the Windows XP desktop, had to restart. The press “Del” key to enter the BIOS settings, friends trying to enter a password, but directly to the, and found the time to view positioned at 0:00 on January 1, 1999, and it is clear the CMOS gd761, td347, dell inspiron 6400 battery is dead . Immediately bought a new battery into one, and all equipment connected to the boot again, the smooth startup of the computer, but still showed “CMOS Load Failure”, had no choice but to enter the BIOS settings to choose “Load BIOS SAFE DEFAULTS” and restart the smooth into the Windows XP desktop, and all the restoration unabated. In the thought that the problem has been resolved, the friends suddenly find missing floppy drive icon, the system did not identify the floppy! Is just now beginning to think that the song might touch the floppy drive connection, so no choice but to open the case more thin, but still can not see the boot floppy. Calm down, just recall the operation “Load BIOS SAFE DEFAULTS”, the floppy drive is set to the default “None”, and restart to enter the BIOS settings, was to prove my idea to come back immediately, with a floppy drive while .

Recalling the whole process, everything is small CMOS battery to blame, it seems that analysis can not be in accordance with the experience of walking, but should be adaptable, to deal with the specific environment; as to why no power CMOS, the computer can start suddenly, Although my analysis may be connected to power after the computer does not start, but the power supply has power to the motherboard, the motherboard CMOS battery to be sufficient dell inspiron e1505 battery, dell inspiron 6400 battery power to start the computer, they have taken place in front of the scene.